Thursday, 19 October 2023

Character: archetypes

 


Several of the gurus who have come out with story theories have also suggested archetypes that are found in stories.  You may have started with four basic characters: hero, enemy, friend and mentor but you may find looking at these characters useful.

Christopher Booker’s archetypes

Good old man

Innocent young girl

Rival or “shadow”

Temptress

Dark Father

Dark Mother

Dark self

Joseph Campbell’s archetypes

Hero

Ally

Enemy

Trickster

Shapeshifter

Guardian

Shadow

Christopher Vogler’s archetypes  

Hero

Shadow

Mentor

Herald

Shapeshifter

Trickster

Allies 

Vladimir Propp’s archetypes 

Hero

Helper

Villain

False hero

Donor

Dispatcher

Princess

Other fairy-tale familiars (as found by the brothers Grimm)

The Guileless Fool

The Meddlesome Fairy

The Wicked Crone

The Charming Prince

The Beautiful Damsel

As you will see, there is a lot of overlap between the different gurus. I haven’t gone into a lot of explanation here;   let them be what their name suggests. If you are really interested in archetypes you may like to look at Jung and also the work of Carol Pearson and Margaret Mark: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archetype     

Why work with archetypes?

They can give each of your characters a function within the story. It’s important to ask why characters are there at all and this may be especially important for minor characters.  And readers love archetypes, even if they can’t name them. They recognise them as familiar.

Your turn

Use a work in progress and see if you can fit one of these characters in or build up one that you already have to become one of them. Can you pinpoint the role of any other characters you have there?  Or maybe in something you’re currently reading?       

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